We are not normally aware of our bladder until it is full. The bladder muscle and the nerve supply work together and accommodate increasing volume of urine without any rise in the pressure, until the bladder reaches its capacity.
Bladder dysfunction can have a serious impact on individual’s quality of life and can affect their ability to carry out their job and interact with people.
Kidney stones sometimes come to light during scans for other conditions and remain without any symptoms.
Stones in the kidney can give intermittent pain and you may notice blood in the urine as well. This can follow physical exertion, jogging etc. If the stone migrates into the ureter (the tube that drains urine from the kidney into the bladder) it can cause excruciating pain radiating from loin to the groin and sometimes into the testicle in men. It is considered one of the severe pains people can experience.
Common conditions in Adults:
- Cysts arising from the Epididymis: presence as a soft lump located above all behind testes. Surgery is indicated only if a large cyst is causing discomfort
- Hydrocele – fluid around the testes. Curative treatment is by surgery to drain the fluid and remove the sac that contains the fluid.
- Varicocoel – cluster of veins, that feels like a bag of worms, usually in the left scrotum. If large and is causing discomfort, it can be treated by embolisation as an outpatient procedure. Nowadays surgery is reserved for recurrent cases.
As with any other part of the body, there are a range of conditions that can affect the penis. Social stigma, as well as plain old embarrassment can cause delays in seeking help, and turn what could be an easy treatment into something far more serious.
This is a small operation to make a man sterile (incapable of fathering children) by dividing a small tube from each testicle which transmits the sperms. The operation should be considered irreversible and therefore not undertaken unless family is considered complete. Vasectomy is a very good method of permanent contraception.
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